清代紫禁城布局变迁分期试论

Study on the Change of Layout of the Forbidden City in Qing Dynasty

紫禁城布局变迁是宫廷建筑史的重要内容之一。为了清晰地了解清代紫禁城布局变迁的内容与特点,本文以清宫档案、清实录等历史文献中的记载为依据,将清代紫禁城布局变迁划分为三个阶段,分别为顺治至雍正朝、乾隆嘉庆朝、道光至宣统朝。每一阶段的紫禁城布局变动都有各自不同的特点,在这些变动背后,反映的是理政方式、宫廷生活习俗以及宗教信仰等各种因素对宫廷建筑的影响。

The layout change of the Forbidden City is one of the important subjects in palace architecture history studies.In order to clearly understand the content and characteristics of the layout change of the Forbidden City in the Qing dynasty(1644-1911),this paper divides the layout change into three stages,namely,Shunzhi-Yongzheng period(1644-1735),Qianlong-Jiaqing period(1736-1820),and Daoguang-Xuantong period(1821-1911),based on the records of historical documents such as archives and records of the Qing dynasty.The layout changes at each stage have their own characteristics.Behind these changes,they reflect the influence of various factors including governance,palace life customs,and religious beliefs on the palace architecture.