再谈建筑遗产预防性保护中的日常养护操作问题——编制《古建筑日常养护技术规程》的启示

Re-discussion on the Issues of the Daily Maintenance and Operation in Preventive Protection of Architectural Heritage——Enlightenment from Compiling the Technical Regulations for Daily Maintenance of Ancient Buildings

《中国文物古迹保护准则》在第二十五条的保护原则中明确指出"保养维护及监测是文物古迹保护的基础,保养维护能及时消除影响文物古迹安全的隐患。"然而,我国现阶段的古建筑保护工作多以修缮、抢险为主,对于具有预防性保护意义的日常养护工作却未见系统的大规模展开。本文结合一线实际工作经历和编制国家文物局《古建筑日常养护技术规程》时的调查研究,探讨了当前日常养护工作所遇到的管理与操作中的问题。进一步阐释了在《规程》编制中,对日常养护定性、定量及经费申报等实际问题的考虑和指导意义。讨论了古建筑日常养护的最佳时机和预防性保护中对大数据的利用等问题。

In the protection principle of Article 25 of the Technical Regulations for Daily Maintenance of Ancient Buildings,it is clearly pointed out that"maintenance and monitoring are the basis for the protection of cultural relics and monuments,and maintenance can eliminate hidden dangers affecting the safety of cultural relics and monuments in a timely manner."However,the protection of ancient buildings in China now mostly focuses on repairing and rescuing,no systematic large-scale maintenance work with preventive significance has been carried out.Based on the practical work experience of the front line and the investigation and research in compiling Technical Regulations for Daily Maintenance of Ancient Buildings for the State Administration of Cultural Heritage,this paper probes into the problems encountered in the management and operation of the current daily maintenance work,further elaborates consideration and guidance for the daily maintenance of qualitative,quantitative and financial declaration and other practical issues in the Regulations compilation,and discusses the issues such as optimum time for daily maintenance of ancient buildings and the utilization of large data in preventive protection.