“苍龙训子”宝座与皇帝训子

The Throne Carved with the Picture Depicting an Azure Dragon Instructing Its Son and the Practice of an Emperor Instructing His Sons

刻有"苍龙训子"图案的宝座与其他装饰有此图案的器物如搁笔、臂搁、如意、玉洗、瓷瓶、暖手等不一样,宝座有着特定的使用场合,而这些玩物则可随意陈设。本文以造办处档案为依据,通过以物见史的方法,对乾隆时期制作的马栅宝座进行了梳理,发现档案记载陈设于上书房的马栅宝座是现存黑漆描金"苍龙训子"马栅宝座,根据这一线索,展开了对此类宝座的探索与分析,明确了此类宝座的使用范围。不仅与皇子教育场所,保持满洲习俗强调皇子实地野练骑射的场所有关,也与新年训子场所有关,它是皇帝、皇子、皇孙正统血脉的象征。除了马栅形式的"苍龙训子"宝座外,本文还对另一形式的"苍龙训子"宝座进行了分析,对该宝座的年代进行了推论,以期揭示宝座背后的历史。

The throne carved with the picture"Azure dragon instructing its son"(Canglong xunzi)differs from other objects bearing the same decoration,such as brush holders,wrist holders,ruyi scepters,jade washers,ceramic vases,and hand warmers,for a throne is specifically set at a venue while those curios can be placed freely.The essay examines folding thrones dated to the Qianlong reign(1736-1795)according to archive recordings of the Workshop under the Qing Imperial Household Department.It finds out that the extant black lacquer folding throne-decorated with gold tracery picture depicting an azure dragon instructing its son-matches the one recorded in the archive which locates it in the Imperial Study(Shang shufang)during the Qing dynasty.Following the clue,the paper elaborates on the exploration and analysis of thrones of the same kind,and specifies the function of them.The throne is associated with occasions where the education of imperial sons,archery and equestrian practice to preserve the Manchu tradition,and the imperial lunar New Year resolution took place.It is the emblem of the pure blood of the Qing imperial family male members.Apart from the design of folding throne,the paper also analyzes a throne with same decorative motif but of different style,trying to date the throne in order to discover the story behind it.