2016—2020年兰州地区儿童呼吸道感染病原菌及耐药菌分布研究

Study on pathogen and drug resistance distribution of respiratory tract infection of children in Lanzhou Area from 2016 to 2020

目的对2016—2020年兰州地区呼吸道感染患儿进行回顾性调查分析,旨在研究其呼吸道感染病原菌及耐药菌分布情况。方法选取2016年1月—2020年12月兰州市妇幼保健院收治的2856例呼吸道感染患儿作为研究对象,分析呼吸道感染病原菌、耐药菌分布情况。结果2856例呼吸道感染患儿中,在痰标本或咽拭子标本中共分离出850株阳性菌株,其中以革兰氏阴性菌最为常见。而在耐药性分析中,革兰氏阴性菌对头孢唑啉、头孢呋辛、青霉素具有较高的耐药性,但对阿米卡星、利福平、庆大霉素、亚胺培南几乎没有耐药性。革兰氏阳性菌主要对青霉素、阿奇霉素、红霉素具有较高的耐药性,而对替考拉宁、利奈唑胺、万古霉素、妥布霉素、亚胺培南没有耐药性。结论兰州地区儿童呼吸道感染病原菌及耐药菌分布较广且特点不同。对于儿童呼吸道感染性疾病,临床应重视对病原菌的检测以及药敏试验的开展,保证合理应用抗菌药物,降低耐药菌株发生率,提高儿童呼吸道感染治疗效果。

Objective To retrospectively investigate and analyze the children with respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou Area from 2016 to 2020,to explore the respiratory tract infection distribution of pathogens and drug-resistant bacteria.Methods 2856 children with respiratory tract infection treated in Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January,2016 to December,2020 were selected as the research objects to analyze the distribution of pathogens and drug-resistant bacteria of respiratory tract infection.Results Among 2856 children with respiratory tract infection,850positive strains were isolated from sputum samples or throat swabs,among which Gram-negative bacteria was the most commonone.In the analysis of drug resistance,Gram-negative bacteria had high drug resistance to cefazolin,cefuroxime and penicillin;almost no drug resistance to amikacin,rifampicin,gentamicin and imipenem.Gram positive bacteria were mainly resistant to penicillin,azithromycin and erythromycin;not to teicoplanin,linezolid,vancomycin,tobramycin and imipenem.Conclusion The pathogens and drug resistant bacteria of children’s respiratory tract infection are widely distributed in Lanzhou Area,and have different characteristics.The clinical respiratory tract infectious diseases in children should be emphasized on the detection of pathogenic bacteria and the development of drug sensitivity test,so as to ensure the rational use of antibiotics,reduce the incidence of drug-resistant strains,and improve the efficacy of children’s respiratory tract infection.