地缘政治博弈下美欧国家科技外交转型、特点及影响

The Transformation, Characteristics and Impact of Science and Tech Diplomacy of US and European Countries against the Background of Geopolitical Struggle

中美贸易战背景下,欧洲国家更加重视与美国科技巨头的沟通与合作,丹麦成为第一个向“硅谷”派驻“技术大使”的国家,此后其他欧洲国家均向美国派驻了处理科技领域的外交官。与此同时,旧金山湾区的科企也更加注重与美国政府、军方的合作,并于2021年创立了普渡大学“技术外交中心”,为美国培训专门的“技术外交官”,并力求帮助政府构建科技外交政策。但美国科技巨头与政府、军方的合作也引起了美国科企形成垄断、获取更大权力的担忧。美欧科技外交的转型也意味着未来双方可能构建统一的全球标准制定机构,其共同应对中国的目标也将对中国的科技外交造成更大挑战。

In the China-US trade war, European countries have paid more attention to communication and cooperation with American technology giants. Denmark became the first country to send a “technology ambassador” to the Silicon Valley, after which other European countries also dispatched diplomats to the United States to handle science and technology issues. At the same time, science and technology enterprises in the San Francisco Bay Area put more focus on the cooperation with the US government and the military, and established Purdue University Technology Diplomacy Center in 2021 for training specialized technology diplomats for the United States and helping the government shape its foreign policies in science and technology. However, cooperation between American technological giants and the government and the military has raised concerns about the emerging of monopoly as well as greater power attained by American science and technology enterprises. Such a transformation of science and technology diplomacy between the US and Europe also suggests that the two sides may establish a unified agency to set global standards in the future, and their joint goal in dealing with China also poses greater challenge to China’s science and technology diplomacy.