中国政府援助在马拉维民众中的影响及认同问题初探

The Impact of Chinese Government’s Assistance on Malawian People and the Recognition Issues

2015年至今,笔者曾在马拉维工作多年。多年的马拉维工作经历使笔者发现,笔者对中马关系的真实体验与现有研究文献及官方报道中的中马关系形成鲜明反差。带着这个反差与疑惑,本文对中国政府援助在马拉维民众中的影响及认同问题做了一个探讨。研究发现,马拉维各社会阶层对中国政府援助及中马关系呈现出"倒金字塔型"的认同模型,而中国政府对外援助的精英路线是造成这一认同模型的主要原因。在民粹主义风起云涌的今天,中国政府的对外援助面临着向社会、民生、安全等领域转型的问题。

The author has been working in Malawi since 2015.The experience of working there has allowed the author to realize that the real experience of ChinaMalawi relations is in sharp contrast with the current research literature and official reports on China-Malawi relations.With these contrasts and questions,the paper discusses the impact of Chinese government’s assistance on Malawian people and Malawian people’s recognition of the assistance.The study shows that all the social strata in Malawian have an"inverted pyramid"model on the recognition of Chinese government’s assistance and China-Malawi relations,for which the elite route model of Chinese government’s foreign aid is the main reason.Today,with the surge of populism,Chinese government’s foreign aid faces the issue of transformation in such fields as society,people’s livelihood,and security.