河套灌区农业深度节水的思考和建议

Thoughts and Suggestions on Deep Water Saving of Agriculture in Hetao Irrigation District

【目的】综合现有河套灌区现代化改造成果,探讨当前形势下灌区在农业深度节水方面的潜力及问题。【方法】采用数理统计的方法,对河套灌区2015—2022年的生态引黄用水量、农业引黄用水量、春汇秋浇用水量及灌溉面积等历年水情数据资料进行统计分析。【结果】截至2022年高效节水灌溉面积占有效灌溉面积的22.7%,灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数达到0.457,较2015年明显提高;2015年至2022年以来,灌区每年生态需水量在4亿m^(3)左右,秋浇年平均水量为14.77亿m^(3),占年平均用水量的34.1%,有近一半秋浇水量补充地下水;每年秋浇面积40.8万hm^(2),约占灌区灌溉面积的53%,折算后的田间净秋浇水量为1980 m^(3)/hm^(2),较推荐秋浇净定额多用约300 m^(3)/hm^(2)。【结论】灌区节水阈值为40亿m^(3),另外每年还应引入约4亿m^(3)的生态用水;灌区的节水潜力主要在秋浇,可以通过压缩秋浇面积、分区域、分年度轮流秋浇、调整种植结构、发展高效节水农业等方式实现节水;灌区水权交易应优先盟市内部,工程项目应优先选择在干渠、分干渠进行。

【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the results of modernization and transformation of the existing river-loop irrigation area,and to explore the potential and problems of the irrigation area in agricultural deep water conservation under the current situation.【Method】Using mathematical and statistical methods,the water data information of the Hetao Irrigation District from 2015 to 2022,such as ecological Yellow River water consumption,agricultural Yellow River water consumption,spring and fall irrigation water consumption and irrigated area in the past years,were statistically analyzed.【Result】As of 2022,the efficient water-saving irrigation area accounted for 22.7%of the effective irrigation area,and the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water for farmland in the irrigation area reached 0.457,which was significantly higher than that in 2015.since 2015 to 2022,the ecological water demand of the irrigation area has been around 400 million m^(3)per year,and the average annual water volume of fall irrigation was 1.477 billion m^(3),accounting for 34.1%of the average annual water consumption,with Nearly half of the fall irrigation water is used to replenish groundwater;the annual fall irrigation area was 40800 hm^(2),accounting for about 53%of the irrigated area in the irrigation area,and the converted net fall irrigation water in the field was 1980 m^(3)/hm^(2),which is about 300 m^(3)/hm^(2)more than the recommended net fall irrigation quota.【Conclusion】The water saving threshold of the irrigation area is 4 billion m^(3),in addition,about 400 million m^(3)of ecological water should be introduced every year;the water saving potential of the irrigation area is mainly in fall irrigation,which can be realized by compressing the fall irrigation area,rotating the fall irrigation in sub-regions and sub-annuals,adjusting the planting structure,and developing high-efficiency and water-saving agriculture,etc.;the irrigation area water right trading should be prioritized within the city,and the engineering projects should be prioritized to be selected in the main canal and the sub-main canal carry out.