典型滇池湿地公园的水质评价与污染源分析

Water Quality Evaluation and Pollution Source Analysis of Typical Lake Wetland Parks Around Dianchi Lake

【目的】评价典型滇池湿地公园的水质与污染源。【方法】基于单因子指数法和3种改进后的内梅罗指数算法对南滇池湿地公园、西华湿地公园和捞鱼河湿地公园的水质进行评价,评价指标体系包括COD、TN、TP、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd、Cr共8个水质评价因子,并对3个湿地公园的水体污染源进行分析。【结果】3个湿地公园的COD、TN、TP和Cr的污染程度均较为严重,而Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd的污染程度较轻;捞鱼河湿地公园水体中的金属元素浓度最低,但TP浓度最高;南滇池湿地公园水体中的TN、Cr浓度最高,而西华湿地公园水体中的COD浓度最高。基于单因子指数法和3种改进的内梅罗指数法进行水质分析,3个湿地公园水质的评价等级均为劣V类,整体上捞鱼河湿地公园水质污染最严重,南滇池、西华湿地公园水质污染状况稍好。COD和TP是3个湿地公园所处流域中最主要的入湖污染物类型。【结论】在未来的滇池水质保护和管理工作中,应重视并加强对城市、农业面源及部分未收集的点源污染等方面的治理。

Dianchi Lake is one of the key management points of the national“three rivers and three lakes”,and the construction of Wetland Park plays an important role in purifying Dianchi Lake water body and maintaining the health of lake ecosystem.Based on Single-factor pollution index method and three improved Nemerow pollution index methods,this paper evaluates the water quality of South Dianchi Wetland Park,Xihua Wetland Park and Laoyu River Wetland Park.The evaluation index system includes 8 water quality evaluation factors:COD,TN,TP,Zn,Ni,Pb,Cd and Cr,and analyzes the water pollution sources of the three wetland parks.The results show that:The pollution degree of COD,TN,TP and Cr in the three wetland parks is more serious,while the pollution degree of Zn,Ni,Pb and Cd is less.The content of metal elements in the water of Laoyu River Wetland Park is the lowest,but the concentration of TP is the highest.As a comparison,the concentration of TN and Cr in the water of South Dianchi Wetland Park is the highest,while the content of COD in the water of Xihua Wetland Park is the highest.Based on Single-factor pollution index method method and three improved Nemerow pollution index methods for water quality analysis,the evaluation grade of the water quality of the three wetland parks is inferior to class V.On the whole,the water pollution of Laoyu River Wetland Park is the most serious,and the water pollution of South Dianchi and Xihua Wetland Park is slightly better.COD and TP are the main types of pollutants entering the lake in the basins where the three wetland parks are located.In the future water quality protection and management of Dianchi Lake,attention should be paid to and the treatment of urban,agricultural non-point source and some uncollected point source pollution should be strengthened.