黄河调水调沙对小开河灌区输水输沙影响研究

Study on the Influence of Water and Sediment Regulation of the Yellow River on Water and Sediment Transport in Xiaokaihe Irrigation Area

黄河下游泥沙淤积问题是制约引黄灌区可持续发展的关键问题之一,理清黄河调水调沙对小开河灌区输水输沙的影响具有重要意义。小开河灌区采用自流远距离输沙技术,科学地解决了引黄泥沙淤积问题。但近年来黄河水沙在全球气候变化和人类活动影响下,黄河水沙发生显著性变化,亟须厘清变化环境下小开河灌区引水引沙特性及沉沙池泥沙冲淤规律,支撑黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。本研究基于1999—2015年小开河灌区输水输沙资料,分别对黄河调水调沙后灌区输水量、输沙量以及输沙渠和沉沙池泥分布规律4个方面,系统分析了小开河灌区水沙变化规律。研究表明,灌区输水和水沙总体呈下降趋势,泥沙淤积逐渐由支渠变成输沙渠与沉沙池,亟需开展兼顾泥沙淤积与生态保护的新型沉沙池研究。

【Objective】Sediment deposition in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is one of the key problems restricting the sustainable development of irrigation areas from the Yellow River.Xiaokaihe irrigation area has scientifically solved the problem of sediment deposition from the Yellow River by gravity long-distance sediment transport technology.However,in recent years,under the influence of global climate change and human activities,the water and sediment of the Yellow River have changed significantly.It is urgent to clarify the characteristics of water diversion and sediment diversion in Xiaokaihe irrigation area and the law of sediment erosion and deposition in sedimentation basin under the changing environment,so as to support the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.【Method】Based on the data of Xiaokaihe irrigation area from 1999 to 2015,this study systematically analyzes the variation law of water and sediment in Xiaokaihe irrigation area from four aspects:water delivery volume,sediment transport volume,sediment distribution law of sediment transport channel and sedimentation basin after water and sediment regulation of the Yellow River.【Result】It is found that the water conveyance,water and sediment in the irrigation area generally show a downward trend,and the sediment deposition gradually changes from the branch channel to the sediment transport channel and sedimentation basin..【Conclusion】It is urgent to carry out the research on a new sedimentation basin that takes into account sediment deposition and ecological protection.