基于不同土壤类型与不同排水条件的夏玉米淹水试验研究

Experimental Study on Summer Maize Flooding Based on Different Soil Types and Different Drainage Conditions

【目的】研究淹水对夏玉米生长的影响,确定夏玉米受淹后的排水要求。【方法】采用有底测坑,对不同土壤类型条件下的夏玉米在抽雄期进行淹水试验,分析不同淹水历时和土壤孔隙度达到10%时对产量损失的影响。【结果】有地下排水条件的夏玉米减产损失小于无地下排水条件的玉米减产损失。有地下排水条件的测坑淹水2~5 d,夏玉米减产率为3.0%~33.3%,无地下排水条件的测坑淹水2~4d,夏玉米减产率为8.5%~25.5%;有地下排水条件时,不同土壤夏玉米的产量损失以黏土的最大,其余依次为壤土、沙壤土和沙土。无地下排水条件时,以沙壤土的减产损失最大,沙土的最小,壤土和黏土介于前2种土质之间。【结论】夏玉米在抽雄期受淹后,产量随受淹时间的增加而减少,不同土壤类别和有、无地下排水条件也决定着夏玉米减产损失的大小。

【Objective】This paper studies the effect of flooding on summer maize and determines the drainage requirement of summer maize after flooding.【Method】The flooding experiment was carried out on Summer Maize in heading stage under different soil types by using bottom test pit,and the effects of different flooding duration and soil porosity up to 10%on yield loss were analyzed.【Result】The yield loss of summer maize with underground drainage was less than that without underground drainage.The yield reduction rate of summer maize is 3.0%~33.3%when the test pit with underground drainage condition was flooded for 2~5 d,and 8.5%~25.5%when the test pit without underground drainage condition was flooded for 2~4 d;Under the condition of underground drainage,the yield loss of Summer Maize in different soils was the largest in clay,and the rest was loam,sandy loam and sandy soil in turn.When there was no underground drainage,the yield loss of sandy loam was the largest,sandy soil was the smallest,and loam and clay were between the first two kinds of soil.【Conclusion】The yield of summer maize decreases with the increase of flooding time after flooding in tasseling stage.Different soil types and underground drainage conditions also determine the loss of yield reduction of summer maize.