基于主成分分析的露地白萝卜滴灌施肥制度研究

Study on Drip Irrigation and Fertilization System of White Radish in Open Field Based on Principal Component Analysis

【目的】探明滴灌条件下露地白萝卜的水肥优化管理。【方法】以露地白萝卜为供试材料开展试验研究,试验通过设置不同灌水施氮处理,观测分析水氮耦合对白萝卜叶片叶绿素量、产量、品质、水分生产效率、氮肥偏生产力、耗水量的影响,并以节水节肥优质高产为目标,采用主成分分析法确定露地白萝卜最优滴灌施肥制度。【结果】灌水、施氮对露地白萝卜叶片叶绿素量的影响显著,水氮交互作用对其影响不显著,中水高肥处理叶片叶绿素量增长效应明显;灌水、施氮以及水氮交互作用对白萝卜品质、产量、水分利用效率的影响均不显著,施氮对白萝卜氮肥偏生产力的影响达到极显著水平,氮肥偏生产力以W2N1处理最大,较其他施氮处理的氮肥偏生产力增加2%~57%。中水高肥处理可提高白萝卜肥料利用效率;全生育期内各处理耗水量在303.12~329.72 mm,日均耗水强度为4.10~4.46mm/d,作物系数值范围为1.39~1.51,水氮处理对作物系数、耗水量、日均耗水强度影响的变化趋势一致。【结论】通过主成分分析得出露地白萝卜滴灌施肥制度,秋茬白萝卜适宜灌水量85%ET_(0),适宜施氮量为255kg/hm^(2),其中尿素443 kg/hm^(2)(含氮量204 kg/hm^(2)),高钾肥319 kg/hm^(2)(含氮量51 kg/hm^(2)),分别在叶部生长旺盛期追肥1次、肉质根生长盛期追肥2次,白萝卜全生育期作物系数为1.46,该作物系数值可作为农田水利工程设计和管理的参考指标。

【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to explore the optimal management of water and fertilizer for open field white radish under drip irrigation.【Method】In this paper,the white radish in open field was used as the test material to carry out experimental research.In the experiment,the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on chlorophyll content,yield,quality,water production efficiency,partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and water consumption of white radish leaves were observed and analyzed by setting different irrigation and nitrogen application treatments.The optimal drip irrigation and fertilization system of white radish in open field was determined by principal component analysis aiming at saving water and saving fertilizer with high quality and high yield.【Result】The effect of irrigation and nitrogen application on chlorophyll content of radish leaves in open field was significant,but the interaction of water and nitrogen did not have a significant effect,and the growth effect of chlorophyll content in leaves treated with high water and fertilizer was obvious.Irrigation water,nitrogen,and nitrogen interactions on green radish quality,yield,water use efficiency were not significant,the influence of nitrogen on white radish nitrogen partial productivity reached extremely significant level,the influence of nitrogen partial productivity to W2 N1 processing is the largest,weaker than other nitrogen treatment of nitrogen productivity increased by 2%~57%,and the results show that water treatment can improve the high green radish fertilizer use efficiency.During the whole growth period,the water consumption of each treatment was 303.12~329.72 mm,the average daily water consumption intensity was 4.10~4.46 mm/d,and the value range of crop coefficient was 1.39~1.51.The variation trend of water nitrogen treatment on crop coefficient,water consumption and average daily water consumption intensity was consistent.【Conclusion】Outdoor fertigation system is presented by principal component analysis,the autumn crop irrigation water 85%ET_(0),suitable appropriate N application rate of 255 kg/hm^(2),urea 443 kg/hm^(2)(204 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen),high K 319 kg/hm^(2)(51 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen);The fertilizer was applied once in the vigorous growth stage of leaves and twice in the vigorous growth stage of fleshy roots,crop coefficient is 1.46,in the whole stages of the crop coefficient values can be used as irrigation and water conservancy engineering design and management of the reference.