不同水分处理对设施葡萄产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Water Regulation on Yield and Fruit Quality of Greenhouse Grape

【目的】探究葡萄最优灌溉定额和灌水方式,提高产量和品质。【方法】在设施大棚内采用小管出流灌溉,以新疆常见葡萄品种红地球(RedGlobe)为试材,研究了4种水分处理T1、T2、T3、T4(灌溉定额分别是580、620、660、700 mm)对葡萄果粒横纵径、果实产量、单粒质量、葡萄浆果可溶性固物、可滴定酸、葡萄糖量及灌溉水利用效率的影响。【结果】不同水分处理对葡萄果粒横纵径、品质和产量均产生影响,T4处理横径较其他处理显著(P<0.05),但T3、T4处理之间纵径差异不显著;在产量方面,T3、T4处理产量显著高于T1、T2处理,且T3、T4处理单粒质量无明显差异;T2处理浆果可溶性固物、可滴定酸较T3、T4显著降低,但葡萄糖量最大,且与T3处理无显著性差异;不同处理灌溉水利用效率随灌溉水量的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势,T1处理最大,依次T4、T3处理,T2处理最小,且T1处理与其他3种处理差异显著。【结论】综合分析葡萄产量、品质指标和灌溉水利用效率,本试验条件下660 mm左右灌溉定额为最优灌水指标。

【Background】Water scarcity is an important factor affecting the sustainable development of agriculture in northwest China.In Xinjiang,the problems of limited water resources,low rainfall,intense evaporation,and fragile ecology have been highlighted.Therefore,agricultural development and economic construction must be carried out under limited water resources.It is extremely urgent to improve the utilization rate of water resources and increase the yield per unit area of crops on the premise of ensuring the quality,and develop facility agriculture.It may be seen that the development of facility grape and the improvement of water resource utilization rate and water productivity through optimizing crop irrigation system is the inevitable way for regional sustainable development.【Objective】The objective is to explore the optimal irrigation quota and irrigation methods for grapes to improve yield and quality.【Method】The test used a common irrigation cultivation method of the small-pipe outflow with the Red Globe in the facility greenhouse in Xinjiang.The four water treatments T1,T2,T3,and T4(the irrigation quota is 580 mm,620 mm,660 mm,700 mm respectively)were studied on grape transverse and longitudinal diameter,yield,the weight of single grain,grape soluble solids,titratable acid,glucose content,and irrigation water use efficiency.【Result】Different water treatments have an impact on the fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter,quality and yield of grapes.The transverse diameter of T4 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in longitudinal diameter between T3 and T4 treatment.In terms of production,the yields of T3 and T4 treatments are significantly higher than those of T1 and T2 treatments,and there is no significant difference in weight of single grain in T3 and T4 treatments;The grape soluble solids and titratable acid of T2 treatment decreased significantly compared with T3 and T4.But the glucose content of T2 treatments was the largest,and there was no significant difference from T3 treatment.The irrigation water use efficiency of different treatments showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase in irrigation water volume.T1 treatment was the largest,followed by T4,T3 treatment,and T2 treatment was the smallest,and T1 treatment was significantly different from the other three treatments on irrigation water use efficiency.【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis of grape yield,quality indicators,and irrigation water use efficiency,the irrigation quota of about 660 mm is determined as the optimal irrigation index under these experimental conditions.