太白山自然保护区水质现状及变化特征

Status and Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Water Quality in Taibaishan Nature Reservation

【目的】分析太白山自然保护区水质现状,了解保护区水质变化特征及影响因素。【方法】在保护区设置了11个监测点,测定水体温度、pH值、CODCr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、As与Hg等9项指标,采用水质单因子指数与综合指数法对保护区不同类型水体水质现状及时空变化特征进行分析。【结果】除Hg外,保护区其他指标均达到Ⅰ类标准;Hg是影响水质最关键的因素,其污染分担率达56.72%。保护区4个湖泊综合指数小于0.4,6条河流介于0.4~0.7,而1条河流大于0.7;与2006年相比,2019年保护区水体pH值上升、CODCr下降,综合指数由0.68降至0.46,水质有了明显的改善;湖泊水质优于河流水质,南部河流水质优于北部。【结论】太白山自然保护区水体存在Hg超标问题,与2006年相比水质有所提升,大气质量与地表环境是影响保护区水质的主要因素。

【Objective】The objective of this paper is to know the variation characteristics and influence factors for water quality in Taibaishan nature reservation area,and to provide advice on water quality safety by analyzing the status of water quality in the reservation area.【Method】The water from 11 sites of the reservation area were sampled,and 9 items including water temperature,pH,CODCr,Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,As and Hg were detected.The single factor index and the Comprehensive Factor Index(CFI)were used to analyze the status of different water body and its spatial&temporal variation characteristics.【Result】All items of the water in the reservation area were up to the first class standard of National Surface Water Environmental Standards except from Hg,which was the key item affecting water quality and covered 56.72%of contribution.The CFI of 4 lakes was less than 0.4,6 rivers was 0.4~0.7 and 1 river higher than 0.7.pH of 2019 was larger than that of 2016,and CODCr of 2019 was less than that of 2006.The water quality was improved obviously for the decrease of CFI from 0.68 to 0.46.The water quality of 4 lakes was better than that of the rivers,the water quality of the southern rivers was better than that of the northern rivers.【Conclusion】Hg in the water of the reservation area exceeded the limits of the first class standard,and the water quality increased 13 years later.The atmospheric environment and ground surroundings were the key factors influencing the water quality of the reservation area.