基肥深施对贵州高产玉米产量和养分吸收利用的影响

Response of Maize Yield, Biological Traits and Nutrient Utilization and Soil Fertility to Fertilization Depth in Guizhou

【目的】探明贵州黄壤区玉米施用基肥采用的化肥深施技术的适宜深度。【方法】采用大田试验,共设置6个处理,以不施肥为对照(CK),研究了不同的化肥施用深度(0、5、10、15、20cm)。对玉米的产量、生物性状以及氮、磷、钾吸收量和表观利用率的影响,增加土壤肥力。【结果】化肥不同施用深度显著影响玉米的产量、产量构成指标和生物性状;玉米产量随着施肥深度增加而增加,增加幅度为1.07%~14.20%,深施20 cm(T5)处理产量指标较高,深施5 cm(T2)处理的株高、茎粗、穗位分别显著提高7.23%、12.80%和22.99%,氮、磷、钾吸收量分别提高了11%~14%、9%~21%和1%~6%,氮、磷、钾的表观利用率分别提高了77.1%~99.2%、56.7%~130.5%和52%~113%。【结论】贵州黄壤地区玉米生产种植中化肥深施效果显著,在5~20 cm深度内深施深度越深,产量提高越显著,而对于玉米养分以及其利用率,在15 cm深度左右深施效果最好。

【Objective】We aimed To find out the appropriate depth of the deep application technique of fertilizer used in the application of corn base fertilizer in the yellow soil area of Guizhou.【Methods】Using the test method of Daejeon experiment,We studied the effect of different fertilizer application depths(0 cm,5 cm,10 cm,15 cm,20 cm)on corn yield,yield component index,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption and their apparent utilization rate increase soil fertility.【Result】The results of field experiment showed that the different application depth of chemical fertilizer significantly affected the yield,yield component and biological traits of maize;the yield of maize increased with the increase of fertilization depth,the increase ranged from 1.07%to 14.20%,and the yield component index was deep.The comprehensive index of 20 cm(T5)treatment was higher,and the deep application of 5 cm(T2)increased the plant height,stem diameter and ear height by 7.23%,12.80%and 22.99%,respectively.The apparent utilization rate of N,P,K increased by 77.1%~99.2%,56.7%~130.5%and 52%~113%,respectively.【Conclusion】The effect of deep application of chemical fertilizer in corn production and planting in Guizhou yellow soil area is significant.The deeper the deep application depth in the depth of 5~20 cm,the more obvious the yield increase,while the increase of corn nutrient and its utilization rate is 15 cm.