拱棚辣椒水肥一体化技术试验研究

Experimental Study on Water and Fertilizer Integration Technology of Capsicum in Arch Shed

【目的】制定拱棚辣椒水肥一体化施肥制度。【方法】设置3个施肥量和3个灌水量,按生育期进行调整,完全随机设计试验,旨在研究不同灌水量与施肥量对拱棚辣椒土壤酶活性、土壤硝酸盐量、果实品质等指标的影响。【结果】苗期—开花期灌水量和施肥量分别为201 m3/hm2和60 kg/hm2,开花—果实膨大期灌水量和施肥量226.5m3/hm2和119.7 kg/hm2,果实膨大期—拉秧期灌水量和施肥量分别为300 m3/hm2和180.0 kg/hm2,辣椒植株根系活力最强,为18.905μg/h;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶活性最强,分别为182.59、874.1 mg/(g·24h)、7.5 mg/(g·min)、0.15 mg/(g·72h);土壤硝态氮量最低,为5.91 mg/kg;辣椒根干质量、根冠比最大,为20.2 g、0.22;辣椒可溶性蛋白量、可溶性糖量、维生素C量最高,分别为32.24、37.9、130.42 mg/g。【结论】苗期—开花期、开花—果实膨大期、果实膨大期—拉秧期3个时期,灌水量是201、226.5、300 m3/hm2,施肥量是60、119.7、180 kg/hm2,拱棚辣椒土壤酶活性,辣椒品质均比其他处理高。

【Objective】We aimed to establish the integrated fertilization system of pepper water and fertilizer in arch shed.【Method】3 fertilizer rates and 3 irrigation rates were set,the adjustment was made according to the growth period.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different irrigation and fertilizer rates on soil enzyme activity,soil nitrate content and fruit quality of pepper in arch shed.The amount of irrigation water and fertilizer applied from seedling stage to flowering stage was 201 m3/hm2 and 60 kg/hm2,the irrigation water and fertilizer amount from flowering to fruit expansion was 226.5 m3/hm2 and 119.7 kg/hm2,the irrigation water and fertilizer application amount from fruit expansion stage to seedling planting stage was 300 m3/hm2 and 180.0 kg/hm2.Pepper plants have the strongest root system,18.905μg/h;Soil urease,sucrase,catalase,cellulase activity was the strongest,which were 182.59,874.1 mg/(g·24 h),7.5 mg/(g·min),0.15 mg/(g·72 h),respectively;Soil nitrate nitrogen content was the lowest,which was 5.91 mg/kg;Pepper root dry weight,root cap ratio was the largest,20.2 g,0.22;The soluble protein content,soluble sugar content and vitamin C content of pepper were the highest,which were 32.24,37.9,130.42 mg/g,respectively.【Conclusion】There were three stages from seedling stage to flowering stage,from flowering stage to fruit expansion stage,and from fruit expansion stage to seedling seedling stage,the irrigation qutoa were 201,226.5,300 m3/hm2,the fertilizer application rates were 60,119.7,180 kg/hm2,respectively,the soil enzyme activity and quality of capsicum in arch shed were higher than those in other treatments and controls.