宏观调控的理论缘起与政策实践演进

The Theoretical Origins and Policy Practice Evolution of Macro-management

当前,我国既要应对错综复杂的外部环境,又面临经济内生性因素的风险挑战,不确定性和复杂性不断上升,这对新时代的宏观调控提出了更高的要求。从理论缘起来看,我国的宏观调控是借鉴吸收西方经济学各流派观点,在马克思主义政治经济学的指导下,形成的与中国体制机制相匹配的理论产物。从政策背景来看,我国的宏观调控政策导向从稳增长到调结构再到防风险的升级,构成了我国宏观经济政策嬗变的基本脉络,也见证了不同调控目标下财政政策和货币政策的演化过程。在宏观调控的政策实践演进过程中,应构筑跨周期设计与逆周期调控相结合的宏观调控思路,强调政策精准性和财政政策效能的提升,加强宏观调控政策间的协调,注重政策的约束条件及其可持续性,为经济社会的长期可持续发展积蓄力量。

At present,China has to deal with both the complex external environment and the risk posed by economic endogenous factors.The levels of uncertainty and complexity are rising,which puts forward higher requirements for macro-management in the new era.From the theoretical perspective,China’s macromanagement is a theoretical product that integrates the views of various schools of western economics and matches China's system and mechanism under the guidance of Marxist political economics.From the perspective of policy background,China’s macro-management policy orientation has evolved from stable growth to structural adjustment and then to risk prevention,which constitutes the basic context of China’s macroeconomic policy evolution,and it has also witnessed the evolution of fiscal policy and monetary policy under different regulatory objectives.In the process of the policy practice evolution of macromanagement,in order to accumulate strength of sustainable development of the economy and society in the long-term,we should build a macro-management ideology that incorporates cross cycle design with countercyclical regulation,emphasize the improvement of policy accuracy and fiscal policy efficacy,reinforce the coordination between macro-management policies,and pay attention to the constraints and sustainability of policies.