中国古代玉料来源的多元一体化进程

On Ancient China’s Jade Material Sources Going along The Course from Diversity to Integration

新石器时代各个文化使用玉器玉料来源,以就地取材和就近取材为主,透闪石质玉料来源多元化,各地均有。商周以后,玉料来源逐渐向甘肃、青海及东北地区等透闪石玉矿点区域集中。至西汉张骞通西域之后,人们对于阗国产玉有了新的认识,和田玉开始大量进入中原,并在西汉中后期成为皇家用玉的主要来源,于东汉时期逐渐占据中原王朝上层社会玉料使用的主导地位。到了隋唐时期,和田玉完全占据了玉作市场的统治地位,其他地方透闪石玉料逐步退出历史舞台,玉料来源最终完成了多元一体化的进程。

The thesis presents the process of jade material sources going from diversity to integration.In the Neolithic period the materials used for jade products for any cultures mainly come from the local and nearby areas while the nephrite stuff has many sources.After the Shang and Zhou dynasties,the suppliers of jade materials transfer to Gansu,Qinghai and Northeast China where nephrite mines are concentrated.With Zhangqian’s official mission to the western region,Hetian jade gets well known,followed by the introduction of a large quantity of Hetian jades into the central China,then into the royal court by the middle and later period of the Western Han dynasty,and then it prevails among the upper classes of the Eastern Han dynasty,finally dominates the jade market by the Sui and Tang times.As the result,the other nephrite materials fade away.