矫弊与药方:费经虞与王国维论“不隔”的文学史意义

Remedy and Prescription:Significance in Literary History Between the“Unveiled(Bu-ge)”of Fei Jingyu and Wang Guowei

明末费经虞著《雅伦》突破诗歌评价的时代之“隔”,通过对“家数”理论的辨析,提出“诗要到家,只是不隔”主张,并积极贯彻于诗歌创作与理论批评领域。清末王国维作《人间词话》批评姜夔、吴文英等词“如雾里看花,终隔一层”,既着重写景、言情的“不隔”,又强调与“真”“自然”联系,成为“大家”创作的重要途径。然而,二人都立于一代文学发展的时代末端,费经虞直指明代诗学复古之弊,王国维针对晚清词宗南宋现象,试图丰富深化“不隔”理论,来矫正各自文坛出现的弊病,并赋予其更深的文学史意义。

In the late Ming Dynasty,based on the analysis of“artistic style(Jiar shu)”theory,Fei Jingyu's Yalun,proposed the idea that“forming the artistic style of poetry does need to be unveiled”and actively implemented it in the field of poetry creation and theoretical criticism,breaking through the“Unveiled(Bu-ge)”of the era of poetical comment.In the late Qing Dynasty,Wang Guowei's Jen-Chien TZ'ut-hua criticized Jiang Kui and Wu Wenying's poems as“like looking at flowers in the mist,separated by a layer at the end”.He not only emphasized the“Unveiled”of scenery and emotions,but also emphasized the connection with“truth”and“nature”,which became an important way for“an expert writer”to create.However,both living at the end of the era of literary development,Fei Jingyu pointed out the drawbacks of the restoration of poetry in the Ming Dynasty,while Wang Guowei addressed the issue in response to the phenomenon that poetry in the late Qing imitated that of the Southern Song Dynasty.Both attempted to enrich and deepen the theory of the“Unveiled”to rectily the defects of ther respective literary circles and endow it more profound significance in literary history.