论清代文言小说评点的特征及价值

The Characteristics and Value of Classical Chinese Novel Criticism in the Qing Dynasty

清代文言小说评点,在评点者、评点体例、评点思想等方面既不同于同期的白话小说,也与此前的文言小说大异其趣。一方面,它虽然继承了文言小说评点的发展脉络,但在规模上有所扩大、对象上有所新变、题材上有所延伸,显示出不同以往的特殊性;另一方面,它以补充正文记载、宣扬道德教化为主,多数内容的意义和价值不大。不过评点者对时代社会的讽喻、对笔法笔意的肯定、对读者感受的记录等又都为小说评点的发展开辟新的道路,推动着它的兴盛与繁荣。而评点的大量出现既反映了清代文言小说的社会认同,也刺激了文学创作,加速了作品流播,使得评点者从传统意义上的文本接受者向文本生产者、文本传播者过渡,实现一种身份上的跨界。

The criticism of classical Chinese novels in the Qing Dynasty is different from the vernacular novels in the same period and the classical Chinese novels before in the aspects of the critics,the style and the thought of criticism.On one hand,although it inherits the development vein of classical Chinese novel criticism,it shows its unfamiliar particularity by expanding in scale,changing in object and extending in subject;on the other hand,it mainly supplements the text records and advocates moral education,so most of the comments have little significance and value.However,the allegory of the times and society,the affirmation of the writing style,and the record of readers'feelings of the critics open up a new way for the development of novel criticism.The large number of commentaries not only reflected the social identity of classical Chinese novels in the Qing Dynasty,but also stimulated literary creation and accelerated the spread of works,and it making commentators transition from text recipients in the traditional sense to text producers and text communicators,realizing a kind of identity“crossover”.