明代诗词曲之辨:源流·声韵·雅俗

The Congruityof Poem,Ci,and Qu in the Ming Dynasty:Origin,Rhyme,Elegance and Vulgarity

词体自创作以来,始终伴随着诗词之辨。随着元杂剧、南戏的兴盛,到了明代,北曲、传奇进一步繁荣,致使词体的创作出现了严重的“曲化”“俗化”现象,词曲学家为了凸显词曲的特点,又开始了诗词曲、词曲之辨。人们主要围绕诗词曲的源流、声韵的变化以及雅俗趋尚等展开论争,认为诗词曲三者源流相继,协律用韵各尽其变,雅俗趋尚依体而别,其目的在于使诗词曲尤其是词曲创作各守特色,各尽其美。

Ci style has always been accompanied by the congruity of Poem.With the prosperity of the Yuan Zaju and the Nanxi,the Beiqu and the legend prospered in the Ming Dynasty,the creation of Ci style changed along the trend of Qu and vulgarization.In order to highlight the characteristics of Ci-Qu,lyricists began the congruity of Poem-Ci-Qu and Ci-Qu.People mainly debated the origin of Poem-Ci-Qu,the change of rhyme and the trend of elegance and vulgarity.They think that the origin of Poem,Ci,and Qu have been successive,and the rhyme of harmony changed according to their own characteristics,and the elegance and vulgarity varied according to the styles.The purpose is to make the Poem-Ci-Qu,especially the Ci-Qu,keep their own characteristics and express their beauty.