“文章在是”的会通之学与顾炎武“序事见指”说的批评史意义

An Encyclopedic Scholarship Based on“Diction is Present”and the Historical Significance of Gu Yanwu's Statement of“Show Purport with Narration”

潘耒重编本《日知录》较北京大学图书馆藏抄本的修缮痕迹更为明显,意味着北大本的年代或可推至康熙三十四年(1695)之前,或则说明北大本是据潘耒重编以前的某本抄成的,更接近顾炎武生前的《日知录》面貌。据此可确切感知顾氏以“文章在是”为基础的治学理念。顾氏提出的“序事见指”说颇具思想光彩,却未充分展开。其说透过质实可感的“序事”以把握编撰者关于历史人物和事件的褒贬旨趣,与明末清初诗文批评上的“意法”论相通而又独具深度。作为一种褒贬方式,“序事见指”法在汉以前的历史书写中已见滥觞,汉以后亦未完全绝迹。揭示这种特殊方式是顾说之于批评史的主要意义。

Compared with the manuscript collected by Peking University Library,the repair trace of RiZhiLu edited by Pan Lei is more obvious,which means that the PUL edition may dates back to before the 1695,or at least it shows that the PUL edition was copied from an edition before Pan Lei's editing,which is closer to the appearance of RiZhiLu before Gu Yanwu's death.According to this,Gu's academic idea based on“diction is present”can be accurately perceived.Gu's“show purport with narration”is a brilliant but not fully developed statement.In fact,this statement inspires readers to grasp the writers'praise and criticism of historical figures and events through the sensible narratives,which is interlinked with and unique in depth with the theory of“intention and method”in the literary criticism of late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.As a way of praise and criticism,the method of“show purport with narration”has begun in the historical writing before Han Dynasty,and has not completely disappeared since then.Revealing this special way is the main historical significance of Gu's statement.