理学与宋代诗学中的圆物

Intertextuality Between Neo-Confucianism and Round Objects in Poetics of Song Dynasty

理学当宋炽盛,儒家纲常与“道理最大”的观念、泛滥经史、格物致知的治学范式,深刻影响了宋诗论。以宋诗论中惯见的圆物而言,其内涵与前代相比,发生了明显的变化,具有极强的反概括性、非替代性:其一,宋人执圆物论诗,一般该切特定圆物体用,圆合儒家经书义理,诗论圆物多涵义理,且是儒家进退出处之德进入诗学范畴、批评诗歌的枢机。其二,理学强调学习,潜移默化,使宋人相信作诗有法可习,执圆物论诗法,以理学之苦求、活求为诗法。其三,理学内求内应的治学之风约束诗歌审美取向,宋人以圆物言诗贵内在。

Neo-Confucianism had been flourishing during the Song Dynasty.The ethical norm of Confucianism,the belief of“supremacy of Confucian truth”,as well as the methods to acquire knowledge and cognition through studying Confucian classics and natural things,eventually cast on poetics.Thus,with strong peculiarity and irreplaceability,the connotation of round objects in the poetics of Song has changed significantly compared with previous time.Firstly,according to the similarity between round things and Confucian truths out of hard investigation,literati in this period endowed round objects in poetics with Confucian meaning.Meanwhile,globes played as transmitters,through which Confucian ethical norm entered the poetics and became new critical laws.Secondly,literati of Song believed that knowledge and cognition could be attained by studying,so did poetries.They introduced toughness and flexibility from neo-Confucianism into poetics through spheres.Thirdly,restricted by the scholarly paradigm of Confucianists,round objects were used to express literati's value of the poetical inwardness.