欲戒反劝:《金瓶梅》情欲铺写的接受效应和艺术难题

Warning Transformed Urging:Reader Effectiveness of the Sexual Love Writing and the Artistic Dilemma of Chin Ping Mei

明清人常借助汉赋“劝百讽一”论,来指出《金瓶梅》的情欲铺写在阅读过程中的意图悖反现象,提醒读者关注精细文法和严肃“戒”意,而不要认为是表示鼓励的“劝”。即要争做合格读者,不要做不合格读者,由此形成了《金瓶梅》接受史上的读者分层效应。为避免这种悖反,《金瓶梅》的续书创作往往注意调整“戒”“劝”比例,以形成“戒多劝少”的格局,但仍免不了情欲铺写。其根源即在于《金瓶梅》所首次正面铺写的情欲,在中国古典文化语境里,本就是一个充满了诸多二律背反的命题,从而也是一个写作和阅读的艺术难题。但《金瓶梅》以情欲铺写为突破口,“革命性”地找到了中国古代白话小说向家庭日常生活细节大幅度倾斜的新题材和新写法。而这与西方“小说”在18世纪才正式出现的大众阅读趣味和“现实主义”写作倾向有一致之处。

The people in Ming and Qing Dynasties often had the aid of the theory of“persuading hundreds while satirizing one”(劝百讽一)of Han Fu to pointed out the intentional paradox phenomenon in the reading course of the sexual love writing of Chin Ping Mei(《金瓶梅》),and reminded readers to pay close attention to its meticulous literary technique and serious intention of“warning”instead of its“urging”.In other words,the people in Ming and Qing Dynasties reminded the reader of Chin Ping Mei must strive to become a qualified one rather than just an unqualified one.And thus,Chin Ping Mei had the classification of readers in its reception history.To avoid this intentional paradox phenomenon,the novel sequels of Chin Ping Mei usually adjusted the proportion of the“warning”and the“urging”to constituted the pattern of the former was much more and the latter was fewer.Despite all this,the novel sequels of Chin Ping Mei still were all bound by the inevitability of the sexual love writing.All these paradoxical root lies in the sexual love being written by Chin Ping Mei in a positive way in the context of Chinese classical culture was a tough proposition filled with many antinomies,and thus was also an artistic dilemma about writing and reading.But using the sexual love writing to break through the traditional novel,Chin Ping Mei revolutionary found the new literary theme and the new literary style which significantly leaned towards the private details of daily life at popular home.And this new writing trend was so similar with the public reading interests and writing realistic trends which boomed in the West novel world until the 18^(th)century.