疆域巨变与唐宋诗风——以“边塞”为中心的考察

Great Changes in Territory and Poetry Style in Tang and Song Dynasties——Investigation Centered on the Frontier

对于唐宋诗学之比较,除借鉴于“唐宋变革论”的成说之外,“诗学传统”亦是一个极为重要的考察维度。在唐宋之际,“诗学传统”常依托于文学外部之疆域空间。而诗学地理的转向,却并非出现于政治史意义上的唐末宋初,而是分别出现于中唐与两宋之际。中唐之际,由于地缘上的收缩,边塞诗与边塞之间的关系出现了一种全新的变化:一是表现于“塞外”的隐匿,二是表现于诗风从开放转为闭合。北宋绍承中晚唐之旧,在诗学上更多表现出了“诗学传统”的继承性。而自北宋末至南宋以还,由于诗学地理空间又从隋唐以来的广大中原退缩至江南半壁,一种新的“诗学传统”旋复建立。而这种新的“诗学传统”,实则又更多受影响于“天下观”这一大的文化传统。同时,在此基础上形成了两个重要转化:一方面是爱国主义对边塞诗的改造;另一方面则形成了一种二柄诗学,即和、战诗学思想的矛盾统一。

For the comparison of the poetics of the Tang and Song Dynasties,the academic circles are often based on the theory of Tang and Song.However,as far as the reform level is concerned,in addition to the premise of“theory of Modern transformation”,the“poetic tradition”is also an extremely important inspection dimension.On the occasion of the Tang and Song,the change of“poetic tradition”is often relies on the.territory space.The turning of poetic geography does not appear in the late Tang and early Song in the political history,but appeared in the medium term of Tang and the medium term of Song respectively.At the time of the middle of the Tang,due to the shrinkage of the geographical,a new change occurred between the frontier poem and the frontier.First,it was manifested in the hiding of“outside”,and the other was that the poetic style changed from open to closed.The Northern Song Dynasty inherited the old tradition of the Emperor Tang Dynasty and showed more inheritance in poetry.From the end of the Northern Song to the Southern Song Dynasty,the geographical space of poetics has retreated from the vast number of Central Plains since the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the south of the river.A new“poetic tradition”have been established.And this new“poetic tradition”is actually more affected by the major cultural tradition of“the view of the world”.At the same time,two important transformations were formed on this basis,on the one hand patriotism transformed the frontier fortress poetry and on the other hand it formed a kind of two handle poetics,that is the contradiction and unity of peace and war poetics.