从禅话到词话:“向上一路”内涵变迁论

From Zen Discourse to Ci Theory:On the Change of the Connotation of“An Upward Road”

“向上一路”一语,在苏词评论中常被引用,它的内涵则经历了从禅话到词话的变迁。“向上一路”,语出佛典,具有由末趋本、进入悟境的修禅目的论和千圣不传、自证自悟的修禅方法论两层意蕴。到黄庭坚、严羽,“向上一路”被赋予立意境界高、取法高且自具面目的诗学内涵。王灼谓苏词“指出向上一路”,是在诗词同源的理论基础上,对苏词追求“自是一家”的词风“自立”以及抒写“真情”的高度概括,赋予“向上一路”词学内涵。在从佛学向诗学、词学的转化中,“向上一路”所内蕴着的目的论、方法论两个维度则始终贯穿。

“An upward road”is often cited in Su Ci criticism,and its connotation has experienced a change from Zen discourse to Ci theory.“An upward road”comes from Buddhist scriptures.There are two implications of the theory of cultivating Buddhism from the end to the root and into the realm of enlightenment,and the theory of cultivating Buddhism from self evidence to self realization.In the discussion of Huang Tingjian and Yan Yu,“an upward road”was first endowed with the poetic connotation of“the method of composing poetry”.Wang Zhuo said Su Shi's Ci“pointing out an upward road”,it is a high generalization of Su Ci's pursuit of“self-reliance”and expressing“true feelings”on the basis of the theory of poetry homology.In the transformation from Buddhism to poetics and Ci poetry,the two dimensions of Skopostheorie and methodology embodied in the“an upward road”are always running through.