方宗诚《说诗章义》评解趣旨与清代诗经学中的桐城家法

The Comment Meaning of Fang Zongcheng’s Shuo Shi Zhang Yi and the Theory of Tongcheng School in the Study of The Book of Songs in the Qing Dynasty

方宗诚《说诗章义》久被忽视,实具重要价值。《说诗章义》运用“以文论诗”的桐城家法评点《诗经》,显露“义法”痕迹,尊重前人旧说,亦有自我见解,并采用探讨段落层次与重言咏叹的文法,传授起、反、折、跳的“起峰”句法,探求诗文一体的本源取法等方式寻觅《诗经》的章法所在。方宗诚又将温柔敦厚之道加以艺术化阐释,从“忠厚”转向“气厚”,并以“沉郁顿挫”与“高大宏远”两方面具体解释“气厚”的丰沛内蕴。在清代经学以及文学的演进历程中,《说诗章义》与《诗传补义》共同构成方宗诚的“经义—文章”诗经学体系,其与方东树《昭昧詹言》一脉贯通,构成桐城诗派的诗论著作体系,同时,与桐城诸家诗经学著作合观,又构成桐城诗经学体系中的重要一环,体现出诗学与诗经学的多维意义。

Fang Zongcheng’s Shuo Shi Zhang Yi has been neglected for a long time,which is of great value.Shuo Shi Zhang Yi comments on The Book of Songs by using the Tongcheng family method of“discussing poetry in essay”,reveals the trace of“Yi-Fa”,respects the old theories of predecessors,and has its own opinions.It also uses the grammar of discussing paragraph level and tautology,teaches the“Rising Peak”syntax of rise,reverse,fold and jump,and explores the origin and method of the integration of poetry and prose to find the composition of The Book of Songs.Fang Zongcheng also made an artistic interpretation of the gentle and honest way,from“loyalty”to“Qi thick”,and explained the rich connotation of“Qi thick”in two aspects of“depressed and frustrated”and“tall and ambitious”.In the evolution of Confucian classics and literature in the Qing Dynasty,Shuo Shi Zhang Yi and Shi Zhuan Bu Yi together constitute Fang Zongcheng’s“Confucian classics-Essay”system.Shuo Shi Zhang Yi connects with Fang Dongshu’s Zhaomei Zhan Yan,forming the poetics work system of Tongcheng poetry school.At the same time,Shuo Shi Zhang Yi is in line with the poetics works of Tongcheng school,and constitute an important part of Tongcheng poetics system.It embodies the multidimensional significance of poetics and the study of The Book of Songs.