《诗源辩体》与明代复古诗学的重新整合

Shi Yuan Bian Ti and Retro Poetics in the Ming Dynasty

许学夷《诗源辩体》,体现了纠驳前人之说以指引诗道的自觉意识,其基本宗旨乃在于重新确立诗歌复古的方向,变革“近世”的“背古师心”现状。该书论述的基本思路与七子派的复古诉求比较接近,对诸子的论诗之见或有汲取。然又并非对诸子之论的单纯承袭,而是在汲取应和之际间辨其中之得失,凝聚着作者个人的阅读经验和独特思考。特别是较之王世贞、胡应麟等人相对体系化的诗学论见,该书表现出更为详密、中正、严饬的思想结构,尤其集中反映在宋前诗歌价值序列的系统展示,宋、元、明诗的全面检视,以及“诗先体制”说的具体阐释等方面,实是对明代复古诗学的重新整合。

Shi Yuan Bian Ti reflects consciousness that refuting the previous generations to guide poetry.Its purpose is to re-establish the direction of poetry retro,change the current situation of“deviate from the ancient”in the“recent”period.The basic idea is similar to the Seven Scholars,and may draw on the opinions of them.However,it is not a simple inherit,but a distinguish between gains and losses,embodying the author’s reading experience and unique thinking.In particular,compared with Wang Shizhen,Hu Yinglin and others’relatively systematic poetic opinions,the book shows detail,correct and strict ideological structure,especially focusing on the systematic display of the value sequence of pre-Song poetry,the comprehensive inspection of Song,Yuan and Ming poetry,and the specific interpretation of the theory of“poetry first system”,which is the re-integration of retro poetics in the Ming Dynasty.