明代古文选本的古文观念探论

Discussion on the Concept of Ancient Prose Anthologies in Ming Dynasty

明代古文选本多达500余种,是古文选本史不可缺少的一环,也是中国文学史与文学批评史上一笔重要的文献资料。明代古文选本中的古文观念,灵活而新异,富于时代特征。明人的"古文"内涵,以秦汉与唐宋的散体文为主体,边界开放而灵活,突出体现在子部文章的去取上。明代古文选本确定了秦汉文与唐宋文两大古文典范,并普遍持由朴到散的古文发展观,同时将古文发展与时代风气联系起来。明代的古文审美观,与意识形态关系复杂,有与之一致的"古雅"审美观,也有淡化乃至消解意识形态的新奇审美观,后者最具明代特色。它重视个体审美情感、崇尚新奇,充分发挥主体自由意志,使古文的审美价值在晚明选本中得到空前关注,古文选本从政教修身的教材变而为审美消遣的娱乐品。

There are more than 500 kinds of ancient prose anthologies in Ming Dynasty,which are not only the indispensable part of the history of anthology,but also the important documents in the history of Chinese literature and literary criticism.The concept of ancient prose anthologies in Ming Dynasty is flexible and new,rich in the characteristics of the times.The connotation of“ancient prose”of the Ming Dynasty is mainly the prose of Qin&Han Dynasties and Tang&Song Dynasties,whose boundary is open and flexible.The anthology of ancient prose in the Ming Dynasty has established two great classics of ancient prose in Qin&Han Dynasties and Tang&Song Dynasties.The aesthetic view of ancient prose in the Ming Dynasty has a complicated relationship with ideology,including the aesthetic view of“ancient elegance”which is consistent with it,as well as the novel aesthetic view which weakens and even dissolves ideology,the latter being the most characteristic of the Ming Dynasty.It attaches importance to individual aesthetic emotion,advocates novelty,gives full play to the free will of the subject,and makes the aesthetic value of ancient prose get unprecedented attention in the anthology of the late Ming Dynasty.