惠栋的时间距离意识与《诗》学诠释

Hui Dong’s Consciousness of Temporal Distance and Interpretations of The Book of Songs

惠栋治学以"求古"为特色,"以汉为古"的诉求背后体现出强烈的时间距离意识,及其所带来的焦虑感。对于惠栋来说,时间距离是横亘于诠释者和经典文本之间的一道鸿沟,造成了前见的遮蔽、理解语境的差异及古今文字的衍变等问题,从而导致诠释的困境。因此,通经信古而特尊汉学,成为跨越时间距离、摆脱诠释困境的有效方式。惠栋的《诗》学研究,通过开创辑述汉儒古训、师说的诠释形式,建立《诗经》诠释的汉学典范,以克服时间距离所造成的理解偏差与诠释困境,达成对经典原义的把握与认知。作为一种新的诠释类型,惠栋的古义研究带动了清代经典诠释从义理思辨到历史实证的范式转换,其意义不容忽视。

Hui Dong’s academy is characterized by“seeking the ancient”,the appeal of“taking Han as ancient”reflects a strong sense of temporal distance,and the anxiety it brings about.For Hui Dong,temporal distance is a gap between annotator and classical texts,which leads to the difficulties of interpretation,such as the shadow of prejudice,the difference of understanding context and the evolution of ancient and modern texts.Therefore,notifying ancient classics and exalting Sinology has become an effective way to cross the time distance and get rid of the predicament of interpretation.Hui Dong’s study of The Book of Songs,by creating an interpretive form of ancient Confucian teachings and teachers’theories,established a model of Sinology in the interpretation of The Book of Songs,so as to overcome the misunderstanding and interpretive dilemma caused by temporal distance,and achieve the grasp and cognition of the original meaning of the classic.As a new type of interpretation,Hui Dong’s study of ancient meaning drives the paradigm shift from argumentation to historical demonstration of classical interpretation in Qing Dynasty,and its significance cannot be ignored.