丁绍仪《听秋声馆词话》中的词体理论

The Theory of Ci-poetry in Ding Shaoyi’s Ting Qiu Sheng Guan Ci Hua

丁绍仪《听秋声馆词话》是清代自作词话中卷帙最富的一部,其文献价值已获普遍关注和认可,但其词体理论层面尚缺少深入讨论。以下将从四个方面,对其进行解析。一,丁绍仪借"孔子删诗"不删写情之作,认为词体写情来自这一传统,绝非小道;以情语关涉现实的词体与风骚皆属比兴寄托之作。二,一方面进行诗词之辨以维护词体纯洁,一方面区别词体内部的正变之分。以蕴藉委婉、清空骚雅为词体正宗。三,认为性灵、才学、格调三者缺一不可,且词体的声调格律最宜讲究。四,词话中的批评实践主要围绕词体的声调格律、比兴寄托、清醇雅正和真情实意四个方面展开,这是其词体理论的四大要素。五,这一词体理论打破了《听秋声馆词话》"文献资料汇编"、"历史资料笔记"等固有印象。且偏重格律又不废性灵和才学,与后来"清末四大家"声律与体格并重的词体学主张相合,可谓清末主流词体学的先声。

Ding shaoyi’s Ting Qiu Sheng Guan Ci Hua was the most voluminous Ci Hua of the Qing Dynasty.Its literature value has been broadly recognized,but the theory of Ci-poetry remains unclear.Here,we intend to elaborate it from the following four aspects.Firstly,Ding insisted that Ci-poerty was not a kind of humble styles,based on the fact that lots of romantic poems were not deleted fromThe Book of Songs by Confucius.Also,Ding considered that Ci-poetry inherited the bailment theory from The Book of Songs.Secondly,Ding believed that Ci-poetry should be exquisite,refined,elegance taste and grace through the comparisons between Ci-poetry and poetry,authentic and non-authentic Ci-poetry.Thirdly,Formal personality,artistic talent and scholarship,and rules and forms were considered essential in Ding’s theory of Cipoetry,especially the rules and Forms.Finally,a series of critical practices in the Ting Qiu Sheng Guan Ci Hua focused on the rules and forms,the bailment theory,elegance taste and grace,and the true emotion,the four essential factors in Ding’s theory of Ci-poetry.In a word,the theory of Ci-poetry has dashed the stereotype of"compilation of data"or"historical materials"about Ting Qiu Sheng Guan Ci Hua.The theory should be considered as the harbinger of the mainstream of the theory of Ci-poetry for its similarities to the subsequent views raised by"Four Masters of the Late Qing Dynasty".