郝敬“雅郑”诗声观研究

Research on Hao Jing’s Concept of “Ya Zheng” Poetic Sound

郝敬是晚明时期著名学者,向以经学名世。在诸经当中,郝敬对《诗》尤为关注,其《毛诗原解》中《读诗》一文,以尊崇《诗》之古序为前提,从"辞义"与"声义"二分的角度,对"郑声淫"作了细致分析。在尊崇古序的基础上,郝敬在诗论著作《艺圃伧谈》中树立起以"温柔敦厚"、"声主和平"为核心的诗声观,具体论证了"雅声"之"温柔敦厚"、"天全自得"与"郑声"之"慆荡凌厉"、"妆缀俳比"之间的区别。此外,他还通过辨析各类诗体,对雅声与郑声作了明确的区分,极力标举《诗经》以来的四言诗与汉魏五言古诗的正统性。作为从经学立场出发的诗论家,郝敬"温柔敦厚"的诗声观念有其独特价值,对清代诗论家有重要影响。

Hao Jing was a famous scholar in the late Ming Dynasty.Among the Chinese classics,Hao Jing paid special attention to The Book of Songs.His article Reading the Book of Songs in The Original Interpretation of Mao Shi made a detailed analysis of"Zheng Sheng Yin"from the perspective of"meaning in words"and"meaning in sound",on the premise of respecting the ancient preface of The Book of Songs.On the basis of venerating the ancient order,Hao Jing set up his poetic outlook centering on"gentleness and sincerity"in his poetic writings Yi Pu Cang Tan,which specifically demonstrated the difference between"gentleness and sincerity","Tian Quan Zi De"of"Ya Sheng"and"Tao Dang Ling Li","Zhuang Zhui Pai Bi"of"Zheng Sheng".In addition,he made a clear distinction between"Ya Sheng"and"Zheng Sheng"by discriminating and analyzing various poetic styles,and tried to mark the legitimacy between the four-character poems since The Book of Songs and the five-character ancient poems of Han and Wei Dynasties.As apoetic theorist from the standpoint of Confucian classics,Hao Jing’s concept of gentleness and sincerity has its own unique value and has an important influence on poetry theorists in Qing Dynasty.