理学、诗学的关系辨正与视域融合:方回的诗学观念及诗学话语建构论析

Discrimination of the Relationship Between Neo-Confucianism and Poetics and the Combination of Their Views:Discussion on Fang Hui’s Poetic Concepts and Its Discourse Construction

方回对诗学、理学之关系的思考和认知,与宋元之际理学界、诗学界诸家互有异同。他对宋季以来理学诗、江湖诗的批评论说,鲜明地体现了融会诗艺与理义的观念趋向。在方回的诗学视域里,理学诗之弊主要在诗艺层面,而江湖诗之弊则不仅表现为诗艺的偏狭,更表现为理义的缺失,故尤为其批评指斥。他将"诗歌之学"推原于经学,强调其作为儒者之学的文化属性和价值向度,作出"诗之体"、"诗之用"的理论建构;对"诗言志"的理论内涵进行有侧重的诠释,提出"情缘事起"、"诗亦史"、"以吟咏情性言义理"等理论命题;对晚宋以降历史语境中的"诗人"、"诗人之诗"这两个称谓的特定内涵进行消解和重构,标举《离骚》以来的"六义之致"及序志述时、缘事抒怀的创作法则,将之视为历代诗人之诗一脉相承的诗学传统,凡此种种,皆与他对江湖诗风的观察和批评相为表里、互为映照。

There are similarities and differences on the perception of the relationship between Neo-Confucianism and poetics between Fang Hui and the other scholars in the fields at the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty.His criticism on"Neo-Confucianism poetry"and"Jianghu poetry"clearly reflects a tendency to combine poetry arts and Confucian connotations.According to him,the defect of the former ones lies in the poetry arts,while for the latter ones,the shortcomings consist in not only its prejudice in poetic arts but also the lack of Confucian connotations,being sharply criticized by him.He regarded the poetics to stem from Confucian classics,and emphasized its cultural property and values as studies for the Confucians,constructing the theories of poetry noumenon and functions.He laid particular emphasis on interpreting the theoretical connotation of"Poetry as the expression of aspirations",putting forward such theoretical statements as"emotions trace affairs","poetry is also the history"and"expressing the moral principles while singing emotions and natures".He reconstructed the concept connation of"poet"and"poets’poems"in the special historical context since late Song Dynasty,and advocated the writing rules of aiming at"Liu Yi",voicing wills and concerns on current events as well as expressing emotions via affairs that prevail since the emergence of Li Sao.He considered the rules to be in line with the poetic tradition in"poem of the poet"in the past dynasties.All these are reflected in his criticism of the poetry style of"Jiang Hu".