中医学“藏象”理论与古代文论“体性”理论的相通性研究

A Study of Interlinkage Between the VisceraState Doctrine in Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Style-Character Doctrine in Classical Literary Theory

中医学"藏象"理论以藏于人体内的脏腑与其表现于外的生理病理征象之间的表里关系为本,古代文论的"体性"以作家内在的性格、人格、品德、情志与其外化于文学作品的风格、体貌、格调、形式之间的表里关系为核心:二者都强调内与外的对应与相符,由此即可知彼。中医学认识、诊治疾病的基本原则是辨证论治、由表及里,即通过望闻问切收集有关疾病的资料,运用中医理论进行分析、综合,辨清疾病的原因、性质、部位以及发展变化趋向等,再根据辨证的结果,确定相应的治疗方法和手段;古代文论注重辨体明性,认为作者之"性"必然会在作品之"体"中有所体现,作者之"人"必然会在其"文"中有所流露,强调文如其人、人如其文,故以人格和风格互相推论,形成了因文观人、因人观文的传统。具体而言,中医学辨证的总纲是"八纲",古代文论有"八体"等风格分类理论;"脏"作为人体内在决定因素指以肝、心、脾、肺、肾为主的五脏系统,"性"作为作家主体因素指才、气、学、习、胆、识、力等;中医学由表及里的诊视方式是"四诊",古代文论披文入情的鉴赏方式是"六观"。"藏象"与"体性"理论共同体现了中国文化的整体思维及生命观。

Both traditional Chinese medicine and classical literary theory emphasize that internals conform to externals,the internal organs and the physiology and pathology of the body,or the writer’s character and the style of the work.Treatment according to syndrome differentiation is one of the major features in traditional Chinese medicine,and Chinese classical literary theory lays great stress on distinguishing the genre and style of the works,and believes that the writing mirrors the writer.Specifically,the general principle of syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine is Eight Principles,as well as the theory of style classification in Chinese classical literary theory is Eight Styles.The five zang-organs,including the liver,heart,spleen,lung and kidney are the internal determinants of human body,as well as the talent,courage,insight,knowledge,wisdom,character and temperament form the inborn quality and the acquired habits of the writer.Looking,smelling,listening,inquiry and feeling the pulse are the four ways of diagnosis,as well as content,form,rhyme,allusion,inheritance and innovation,orthodoxy and novelty are the six aspects of literary appreciation.The traditional Chinese medicine along with the classical literary theory common embody the holistic thinking and outlook on life of Chinese culture.