论吴闿生《晚清四十家诗钞》的诗学观及其价值

Study on the Poetics and Value of Wu Kaisheng’s Forty Poets’ Poem Selection in Late Qing Dynasty

《晚清四十家诗钞》颇受学界关注,但对其桐城派诗选的定性,却容易遮蔽其诗学特质。诗选所录诗人身份多样,既有桐城派诗人,也不乏同光时期的诗坛名家。不少诗人无论是从诗学活动地域,还是从师承、诗风角度都难以归入桐城派。诗人诗作的卷次安排,体现出吴闿生"师友源澜"与"海内名流"并重的诗选观。诗钞是由吴闿生编选、由其门人校阅刊刻的,编纂缘起是纪念其父吴汝纶、其师范当世,编纂目的则是示后学作诗门径。通过考察诗钞的选诗与评点,可以得知吴闿生具有诗文一理、熔铸唐宋、重"奇""气"、推重李杜韩黄的诗学观。诗钞在保存近现诗坛史料、近代诗的经典化方面具有重要价值。

Forty Poets’ Poem Selection in Late Qing Dynasty has attracted much attention from the academic circles,but the qualitative poem selection of Tongcheng School is easy to obscure its poetic quality.The poets had various identities,including poets of Tongcheng School and famous poets in Tongzhi and Guangxu period.Many poets,whether from the area of poetic activities or from the perspective of relationship or poetic style,were difficult to be classfied as poets of Tongcheng School.The volume arrangement reflected Wu Kaisheng’ s poetics that famous poets were as important as teachers and friends.The poem was selected by Wu Kaisheng and edited by his students.The compilation was a memorial to his father Wu Rulun and his teacher Fan Dangshi,its aim was to show how to write poetry.By examining the poems and comments,we can know Wu Kaisheng’s poetics.He thought poetry was the same as prose,it should combine Tang with Song.He also emphasized peculiarity and spirit of poem,admired Li Bai,Du Fu,Han Yu and Huang Tingjian.It had great value in preserving historical materials and the classicization of modern poetry.