曾国藩选批韩文的理论取向及其文章学意义

Zeng Guofan’s Theoretic Orientation in Selecting and Critizing Han Yu’s Prose and Its Significance for Chinese Prose Theory

曾国藩选批韩文呈现为主客体两部分。主体部分就韩愈儒学思想与其性格特质展开。曾氏认为,韩愈儒学在于立定脚跟并与佛老在思想出处上划清界线,以仁义之道发挥儒家经籍以及力排佛老的识力;韩愈性格具有强烈的自负、傲兀特质,同时揭示了这种性格对韩文奇崛跌宕文风的生成作用。其理论取向在于主体特质对文章的转换生成意味。客体部分就韩文展开,包括训释词汇、疏通句意。通过训释,词义明朗,又结合具体语境,疏通句意,分析语词的造语及修辞问题;辨析句法、章法与立意,同时注意措置章法与文章表达效果问题;确认审美与风格要素,是韩文诉诸文学意义的直接体现,是曾氏理论取向的核心议题,也是其理论价值所在。这与作为现代学科的文章学内涵若合符契,对文章学的建构具有一定意义。

Zeng Guofan’s selecting and annotating Han Yu’s Prose has both subject and object parts.The subject part is about Han Yu’s Confucianism thoughts and his personality.Zeng believed that Han Yu’s Confucianism thoughts were to establish a solid foundation and draw a clear line with Buddhism and Taoist thoughts on its ideological origin,to give a full explanation to Confucian classics in the way of benevolence and righteousness,and his cognition in resisting Buddhism and Taoist thoughts.Han Yu’s personality had a strong self-conceited and arrogant characteristics,and at the same time,Zeng revealed the role of this personality in the formation of singular and peculiar style in Han’s prose.Zeng’s theoretical orientation laid in the transformational meaning of the subject characteristics to the text.The object part starts with Han’s prose,including explaining vocabulary and dredging sentence meaning.Through explanations,the meanings of words were clear,and in combination with specific contexts,the problems of word formation and rhetoric were analyzed,the syntax,prose composition and ideas were distinguished.Meanwhile,prose composition and expression effect were also paid attention to.The confirmation of aesthetic and style elements was the direct embodiment of Han Yu’s prose in literature,and the core and theoretical value of Zeng’s theoretical orientation.This is in line with the connotation of the modern discipline of prose,and has a certain significance for the construction of Chinese Prose Theory.