诗人、史家、学者三体诗话编撰机制论

The Research on Compilation about Three Styles of Poetics Works from Poet Historian and Scholar

由欧阳修、司马光、刘攽三人所开创的"诗话"之体,可分别视为诗人之诗话、史家之诗话和学者之诗话。通过考察其编撰机制,可得出如下结论:一、从编撰方式和特点来看,欧阳修是"评",偏重论诗及辞;司马光是"补",而偏重论诗及事;刘攽既对前作续补,亦有拓展,论诗及辞与及事并重。然而后两者多有"论事及诗"的条目,这是早期诗话的特点。二、从取材看,作者往往选取和自己有交集的对象,即当代人记当代诗、当代事。同时,所选素材亦注重谐趣。刘攽还增添了文字、音韵、考证、异族材料等内容,拓宽了取材范围。三、从体例看,早期诗话主要受笔记随笔而记的影响,条目安排随意,全无结构安排可言。其中司马光开创的以人为纲、以事为纲的评论方式,对后世诗话的发展影响颇大。刘攽首创的自注体例,也为正文增色不少。

The poetics works is created by Ouyang Xiu,Sima Guang and Liu Ban,which represent poet historian and scholar’s writing.Through the study on the compilation,we can draw a conclusion.First at all,from the viewpoint of method and character,Ouyang Xiu attached importance to comment,Sima Guang attached importance to continuation,and Liu Ban paid attention to both continuation and development.The latter two authors tended to write down anecdotes more than poetic theory,which was the character of the poetics works on early stage.Secondly,from the viewpoint of drawing materials,these writers liked to choose their friends or something interesting.Liu Ban broadened the fields of language phonology and other ethnic groups.Thirdly,from the viewpoint of writing style,the early poetics works were influenced by a type of literature consisting mainly of short notes.We can’t find any structure in their books.However,the two styles writing with somebody or something were created by Sima Guang,which had an affect on the developing of the following poetics works.Liu Ban also annotated some valuable informations in his book.