《文心雕龙》辨骚观的学理考察——以“雅颂之博徒”的释诂歧义为中心

Study on the Concept of Chu Sao in Wen XinDiaoLong:Center on Interpretation Ambiguity of Yasong’s Botu

《文心雕龙》对楚辞冠以"雅颂之博徒",其根柢在立足于文学创作与文体嬗递的通变现实,以互文见义的谋篇形制,界定其介于雅颂诗体与汉赋赋体的转折关捩,乃是"博物博识"的体类才学与"逞辞善辩"的文体风貌。"博徒"非是史传中带有卑贱之义的"博戏之徒",故彰刘勰"褒鉴"的辨骚观;然亦非词义悬空的泛泛溢美之"博雅通达之传人",而是源自枚乘《七发》的"博辩之士",又为"周道寖坏"之"逸在布衣的学《诗》之士"。《文心雕龙》辨骚观深受两汉"依诗立义"批评范式的影响,所言"四异"之事即与"雅颂之博徒"相侔同释,共含"谲谏"的政治身份与修辞言说。

In the process of literary genre change,Wen Xin Diao Long calls that Chuci is Yasong’s Botu,it is based on the fact of literary creation and style change.Wen Xin Diao Longthinks it is different from the stylistic features of the poetry and the han fu:erudition and eloquence of style.In fact,"Botu"is not a derogatory term in the history of literature,but it comes from Meicheng’s Seven Elicitation.It is a person who is knowledgeable and argumentative.The four different literary examples it lists are also influenced by the two-Han criticism paradigm that is literary criticism based on the standards of classics.The strange and unadulterated events and the words can be regarded as the specific details of Sima-Xiangru’s rhetoric.The high quality of unruly is the same as Yasong’s Botu,both contain euphemism of political identity and discourse.