丁绍仪的“词史”观念

Notion of History in Ci of Ding Shaoyi

"词史"概念的提出是清代词学理论的重要突破和创新。晚清词论家丁绍仪亦是此理论的重要建构者之一,并在继承的基础上进行了拓展。以词记述特定的历史事件,以词寄寓家国兴亡之慨,以存人存词来保存词史,这是丁绍仪继承的主要内容。其拓展之处在,把词体记述的范围扩大到社会生活的方方面面。丁绍仪"词史"观念的形成与其乡邦文化、家族学养和亲身经历有着密切联系。在"词史"观念的影响下,其亲历乱世而饱受悲痛的"词心",体现出两大解词特征。一是强调词作的时代背景和词人的现实经历,结合时事解读词作;二是其"词心"与时代的情感脉搏相一致,笼罩于普遍性的沧桑悲凉之中,对于基调悲凉的词作颇有共鸣。

The explicit formation of the theory on notion of history in Ci was regarded as an important breakthrough in Ci poetry development,which brought about an innovation of the theory of Ci in Qing Dynasty.Ding Shaoyi,a Ci expert in late Qing Dynasty,had made great contributions on the construction of this theory,as well as its extension on the basis of inheritance.The main aspects of his inheritance on notion of history in Ci were revealed as follows:recording specific historical events,expressing deep concerns on the fate of the country and people,and enshrining poets and their works to preserve the history of Ci poetry.Moreover,the recorded contents of Ci poetry were extended to all aspects of social life.Region,family and experience of Ding Shaoyi were considered as three main factors,which prompted to the formation of the theory on notion of history in Ci.Furthermore,his "Ci Heart",influenced by wars and suffering, was recognized newly for two characteristics of Ci reading.On the one hand,Ding Shaoyi emphasized on the era background and the poet\s real experience.On the other hand,his"Ci Heart"was in accordance with the sincere affection of his times and subjected to the times atmosphere of sadness and desolation,which led to his deeply resonation with the sad works.