车载变压器故障预测与健康管理研究进展

Research Progress of Fault Prediction and Health Management for On-board Traction Transformers

车载变压器是高速重载列车的动力来源,其设计结构复杂,运行工况恶劣,且传统计划检修方式存在欠维修和过度维修等问题。针对这些问题,研究了车载变压器的油箱、绕组结构特点和运行特征,分析了电压波动、激磁涌流、散热不良、高次谐波、机械振动等恶劣运行工况和外部环境对车载变压器绝缘系统的影响。进一步总结了目前车载变压器故障预测与健康管理(prognostic and health management,PHM)研究存在的关键问题,给出了车载变压器PHM的体系结构及工作流程,阐明了PHM各周期间的逻辑关系,分析了国内外车载变压器状态监测、状态评估、故障诊断、故障预测与维修决策等方面的研究现状及存在和待解决的问题,并探讨了未来开展车载变压器PHM值得继续研究的方面。

The on-board traction transformers are the power source of the high speed and heavy load trains;however, there are some problems, such as the complexity of the structure, the bad operation environment, the shortage of maintenance or excessive maintenance of traditional scheduled repair. In addition, the insulation system of on-board traction transformers is affected by the voltage fluctuations, inrush current, poor heat, harmonics, and mechanical vibration. Therefore, the structure of oil tank and winding and the operating characteristics are studied. The effects of the above-mentioned operating environments and conditions on the insulation system of on-board traction transformers are analyzed. Moreover, the critical problems existing in the research of on-board traction transformer are summarized, the frameworks and flowcharts of prediction and health management(PHM) are given, and the logical relationship of PHM is illustrated. Then, the research status and development of condition monitoring and assessment, fault diagnosis and prediction, and maintenance decision for on-board traction transformer at home and abroad are systematically analyzed, and the future development trend of on-board transformer PHM combining with the special operating characteristics is discussed and prospected in detail.