新会区居民健康素养现状及健康技能在知识与行为间的中介效应作用

Health literacy and the mediating effect of health skills between knowledge and behavior in Xinhui District

目的为了解江门市新会区居民健康素养状况及其影响因素,并探索健康技能在健康知识和行为间的中介效应作用,为健康素养水平的提升提供理论支撑。方法采用按容量比例概率抽样法对2017—2021年新会区居民开展健康素养问卷调查,使用χ^(2)检验、Logistic回归进行单因素、多因素分析,使用Pearson相关分析探讨知识、技能和行为3者之间的关系,采用Bootstrap检验法进行中介效应分析。结果共调查3083名新会区居民,具备健康素养率为26.47%,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,相较于小学及以下文化程度的居民,大专/本科及以上(OR=2.089)、高中/职高/中专(OR=1.721)文化程度居民具备健康素养水平较高,医务人员(OR=5.373)、教师(OR=4.421)、工人(OR=1.319)的健康素养水平均较农民高;健康素养的3个方面互相呈现强正相关(P<0.01),健康技能在基本知识和理念对健康生活方式与行为的作用间起到部分中介效应,占比27.94%。结论江门市新会区居民健康素养水平呈逐年上升趋势,但仍需重视文化程度低、农民等群体,可利用提高健康技能促进健康素养水平提升。

Objective To learn the health literacy and its influence factors in Xinhui District,Jiangmen City,and to explore the mediating effect of health skills between knowledge and behavior,and to provide theoretical support for the improvement of health literacy.Methods A questionnaire survey on health literacy was carried out by using probability proportionate to size sampling of Xinhui District from 2017 to 2021.Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used for univariate and multivariate analysis,and Pearson correlation was employed to explore the relationship among knowledge,skills and behavior.Besides,the Bootstrap test was used to analyze the mediating effect.Results A total of 3083 residents in Xinhui District were surveyed.The level of health literacy was 26.47%.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the residents with education of college/bachelor degree or above(OR=2.089)and high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school(OR=1.721)were exhibited a significantly higher health literacy than primary school or below,and the medical staff(OR=5.373),teachers(OR=4.421),and workers(OR=1.319)were higher than farmer.There was a significant positive correlation among three aspects of health literacy(P<0.01),and health skills played a part mediating role between basic knowledge and health behaviors,the mediating effect accounted for 27.94%.Conclusions The health literacy level is increasing year by year in Xinhui District,Jiangmen City.But the residents with low education and farmers still needed to be paid attention,and health literacy can be promoted by improving health skills.