现代日语程度副词与形容词的共现机制考察——以程度副词「ちょっと」为案例

A study on the co-occurrence mechanism of degree adverbs and adjectives in modern Japanese-Take the degree adverb“tyotto”as an example

形容词具有程度性。真值语义角度,形容词和程度副词共现时的主要制约因素是形容词程度性的量级结构差异。本文采用程度语义学理论,对日语形容词量级结构进行考察,结果发现,程度副词「ちょっと」只能与包含低值的有一定量幅的形容词共现,很难与只有高值的点幅或窄幅形容词共现。非真值语义角度,修饰形容词的「ちょっと」更倾向于体现说话人的主观评价,「ちょっと」不再单纯限定形容词程度,而是作为弱化主观评价的委婉表达标记在句中发挥功能。此时的影响因素有:「ちょっと」和形容词的量级结构错配、形容词连体修饰凸显程度意识体现描写功能、形容词谓语句中形容词评价性的凸显。

Adjectives have the gradability.From the perspective of truth-value meaning,the main constraint of the co-occurrence of adjectives and degree adverbs is the difference of the scale structure of adjectives.In this paper,the theory of degree semantics is used to investigate that possess scale structure of Japanese adjectives.It is found that the degree adverb“tyotto”can only co-occur adjectives with low degree and a wide scale,and it is difficult to co-occur adjectives with a narrow scale.From the perspective of non-truth-value meaning,“tyotto”that modifies adjectives is more inclined to reflect the subjective evaluation of the speaker.“tyotto”no longer simply limits the degree of adjectives,but plays a role in the sentence as a euphemistic expression marker that softening subjective evaluation.The influencing factors under this situation are:The mismatch between the adjectives’scale structure and“tyotto”;Adjectives prominent the degree cognitive in adjectival modifiers and reflect the description function;The prominence of adjective evaluation in adjective predicate sentences.