日语构式「LでNがある」的名词义、动词义和构式义

The nominal,verbal and constructional meanings of the Japanese construction“L de N ga aru”

本文基于认知语言学的视角,认为名词在过程性维度应该是一个连续统,在此基础上详细探讨了「LでNがある」构式中N的语义特征以及名词义、动词义和构式义的互动情况。本文通过语料分析发现,「LでNがある」构式中的N既可以为过程名词也可以为非过程名词,其中,非过程名词在转喻机制的作用下具有过程性从而进入「LでNがある」构式。另外,过程名词也可以通过总括扫描被识解为不具有过程性的名词,进入「LにNがある」构式。这主要源于认知语言学的语义观,即语义不依赖于客观事实,与人类的认知方式密切相关。

This paper argues that the semantic feature of the noun should be a continuum in the process dimension from the perspective of cognitive linguistics.On this basis,this study investigates the semantic features of N in the“L de N ga aru”construction and the interaction among nominal meaning,verbal meaning and constructional meaning in detail.Through corpus-based analysis,this paper finds that N in the“L de N ga aru”construction could be either an event noun or an entity noun.Entity nouns can convey a meaning of process and enter“L de N ga aru”construction under the mechanism of metonymy.On the other hand,event nouns can enter“L ni N ga aru”construction through“summary scanning”.This result can largely be accounted for by the semantic perspective of cognitive linguistics,which holds that semantics do not rely on objective facts and are closely related to human cognitive styles.