日语学习者特殊拍感知难度及影响因素研究——以拨音和长音为对象

A study of Japanese learners’perceptual difficulty of special morae and its influencing factors:A case study of moraic nasals and long vowels

本文基于感知同化模型,以60名中国日语学习者为调查对象,针对日语的拨音、长音和自立拍的感知混淆,通过听辨实验对感知正确率和反应时归一化值两个指标进行了调查,探讨了影响被试感知能力的因素。结果表明,学习者对于长音与拨音的感知符合感知同化模型的预测,长音更容易被误听为拨音或自立拍,而拨音的感知情况相对较好。日语能力对三者间的听辨不造成影响;特殊拍位置对感知的影响显著,被试在感知四拍词时,特殊拍靠近词尾的词感知正确率更低,反应时更长;从音高重音角度考察,头高型词中的特殊拍感知正确率更低,反应时更长。本文为感知同化模型提供了日语语音方面的实验数据支撑,并提出了针对初中级日语学习者特殊拍感知的指导建议。

Based on the Perceptual Learning Model(PAM),this paper investigates the perceptual confusion of moraic nasals,long vowels and independent morae in Japanese with 60 participants.The perceptual accuracy and response time are investigated by listening experiments,and the factors affecting the perceptual ability of the subjects are discussed.The results show that learners’perception of long vowels and moraic nasals conforms to the prediction of PAM.Long vowels are more likely to be misheard as the moraic nasal or independent morae,while the perception of moraic nasals is relatively better.Japanese proficiency does not affect the listening accuracy and response time among the three groups.The position of the special morae has a significant impact on perception.When the participants perceived the four-morae words,the accuracy of the special morae near the end of words was lower,and the response time was longer.The special morae in Japanese accent with the first morae high and the following ones low has lower perceptual accuracy and longer response time.This paper provides experimental data support for the PAM in terms of Japanese pronunciation,and suggests guidelines for the special morae perception of elementary and intermediate Japanese learners.