日语条件复句的用法对比与日汉对照研究——以「ト」与「タラ」为中心

A comparative study of the usage of Japanese conditional complex sentences and Japanese-Chinese contrastive study:Focusing on to and tara

本文基于语料库语言学从200部现代日语小说中抽取「ト」「タラ」条件句各1000例以及对应的现代汉语翻译,使用主成分分析,将原有的6分类的「ト」条件句与6分类的「タラ」条件句进行无监督的自然降维压缩,最终将12类语义分类压缩为4类,分别是:“假定·反事实”“继起”“发现”“一般·习惯”。其结果发现除去“一般·习惯”之外均可使用「ト」或者「タラ」进行表示。且通过进一步计算,探究汉语同主成分之间的对应关系,发现“(一)就”句式同每一主成分存在对应关系。其结果有助于一线教师的使用,帮助教师促进学生构建日语与汉语的联系,促进学生使用母语学习日语。

Based on corpus linguistics,this paper extracts 1000 examples of to conditional sentences and tara conditional sentences and their corresponding Chinese translations from 200 modern Japanese novels.Using principal component analysis,the 6-category to conditional sentences and 6-category tara conditional sentences which are common in previous studies are compressed by unsupervised natural dimension reduction,and finally 12 types of semantic classifications are compressed into 4 types,which are:“assumptions·counterfacts”,“occurring in succession”,“discoveries”and“general·habits”.The results show that except for“general·habits”,it can be expressed by using to and tara.Through further calculation,the corresponding relationship between Chinese and principal components becomes clarified that there is a corresponding relationship between(yi)jiu sentence pattern with each principal component.In this paper,principal component analysis is applied to the comparison between two grammars for the first time.Through quantitative analysis,the abstract grammar system is visualized,the original complex Japanese grammar system is simplified,and a clearer Japanese-Chinese correspondence system is constructed.The results can be widely used in Japanese teaching and translation practice.