多维视域下现代汉日同形副词实证对比研析——以汉语“全然”与日语「全然」为例

An empirical and comparative study of homomorphic adverbs in modern Chinese and Japanese from a multi-dimensional perspective:A case study of Chinese“Quanran”and Japanese“Zenzen”

本文基于中日大型语料库,从共现关系、文体、对译等视域对现代汉日同形副词“全然”和「全然」进行实证对比研究,揭示它们的共性和特性。从共现关系上看,二者在与后项成分肯否定表达构句共现上有诸多相似之处,但是与显性否定形式构句共现时显示出差异性;二者与肯否定表达构句共现时,汉语“全然”为程度副词或统括性范围副词,日语「全然」为程度副词或陈述副词。从文体特征上看,二者均可在正式语体和非正式语体、会话文和非会话文中使用,但是在使用上表现出倾向性。从对译特征上看,二者的对译性不稳定,均多译为与其意义相近的副词,但是日语「全然」的对译形式呈现多样性。基于同形词对译比和F-measure参数,二者属于汉日意义用法距离较大的同形近义词。

Based on a large Chinese-Japanese corpus,an empirical and comparative study of homomorphic adverbs“Quanran”and“Zenzen”in modern Chinese-Japanese is made from the perspectives of co-occurrence relation,type of writing,and literal translation,so as to reveal their similarities and characteristics.From the perspective of the co-occurrence relation,they have many similarities in the co-occurrence with positive and negative expression sentence structure of the consequent component,but the co-occurrence with the dominant negative sentence structure shows that they are different from each other;in the co-occurrence with positive and negative expression sentence structure,“Quanran”in Chinese is an adverb of degree or an overall adverb of scope,while“Zenzen”in Japanese is an adverb of degree or a declarative.In terms of stylistic features,both can be used in formal style and informal style,conversational text and non conversational text,but they show a tendency in use.From the perspective of the characteristics of literal translation,the translatability of the two is unstable,and they are mostly translated into adverbs with similar meanings,but the forms of literal translation of Japanese“Zenzen”are diversified.Based on the translation ratio of homographs and the F-measure parameter,they belong to homographs with a large difference in meaning and usage between Chinese and Japanese.