关于汉日同形感情词的对比研究——以“恼”与“惊”为例

A comparative analysis of Chinese and Japanese emotional homographs——Take“恼”and“惊”as examples

本文主要基于字典和语料库,以"恼"与"惊"为例,从词性、义项、对象、用法等方面探讨汉语和日语中表达感情的同形词的异同。从研究结果来看,古代汉语、现代汉语中的"恼""惊"与日语中的「悩」「驚」在义项含义、使用搭配以及具体用法上存在诸多不同。如:古汉语中的"恼"可以贬词褒用,而现代汉语与日语皆是贬义色彩词汇;古代汉语与现代汉语中的"恼"可以表示怨恨、愤怒之情,而日语中的「悩」并无此意;反之,日语中的「悩」可以表达"因感官上受到刺激而无法平复"之意,而汉语中的"恼"并无此意。此外,汉语中的"惊"与日语中的「驚」在使用搭配以及义项含义等方面也存在不同。

Based on dictionaries and corpus-based research,this paper takes the characters“恼”and“惊”as examples and focuses on the differences and similarities between Chinese and Japanese emotional words.The two characters which are homographs from the aspects regarding parts of speech,meaning,object and usage.It can be seen that there are many differences in their meanings,collocations and the grammatical usages between“恼”“惊”in ancient Chinese and“恼”“惊”in modern Chinese and「悩」「驚」in Japanese.For example,“恼”in ancient Chinese can be used as a commendatory word,while in modern Chinese and Japanese,both languages consider them as derogatory words;the word“恼”in ancient and modern Chinese can express resentment and anger,but the word「悩」in Japanese does not.On the other hand,the Japanese word「悩」can mean“unable to calm down due to sensory stimulation”,while the Chinese word“恼”does not.In addition,“惊”in Chinese is different from「驚」in Japanese in terms of collocation and meaning.