关于耗损义双宾结构的汉日对比考察

On the depletion in double-object structure in Chinese and Japanese

本文主要以汉日耗损义双宾结构为观察对象,从事件语义结构入手考察了耗损义双宾结构的语义构成,并在此基础上平行对比分析该结构中动词的性质、论元的句法配置情况以及该结构的语用功能等方面汉日表现的异同。考察结果显示,该结构中句法上显示的动词是源于对事件语义结构中定项的抽取以及融合;论元源于对变项的抽取,句法配置上的不同与动词的意志性的去留有很大的关联;从语用层面来看,汉语的耗损义双宾结构其实质是一种贬化消耗事件义的语法修辞手段,而日语则是以凸显动作义以及耗损受事义为主。

This article examines semantic structure about the expression of depletion between Chinese and Japanese language from the features of verbs, the position of arguments in sentence and their pragmatic functions. The results show that in both Chinese and Japanese, the features of verbs at syntactical level derive from the extraction and fusion of the fixed items in the semantic structure of the event, and the position of the arguments changes with the intention of the verb. Pragmatically, the expression of depletion in double-object structure in Chinese is a rhetorical device with negative meaning, while highlights the verb and the object in Japanese.