语言元功能视角下的日本政治演讲效果分析

Analysis of the effect of Japanese political speech from the perspective of language metafunction

日本政府在纪念二战结束50周年和70周年时分别由时任首相村山富市和安倍晋三发表了讲话,而这两次讲话在国际上引发了截然相反的两种反响。本文尝试用系统功能语言学的元功能理论对比分析这两次讲话,结果发现二者在概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能上存在着种种差异,具体体现在"及物性/语态系统—认同语义系统—主位系统"几个方面。在概念功能方面,二者在如何使用物质小句和是否表明动作的实施参与者与目标参与者方面有明显差异;在人际功能方面,二者对于战争性质及战后反省、慰安妇问题等敏感问题的表述上不同,引发听众产生了不同的认同结果;在语篇功能方面,二者不但在主位系统的推进模式上有很大不同,而且在单项主位和复项主位的选择上也有差异,这些差异导致了话题聚焦程度的不同。因此,两次讲话引发不同的反响也是一种必然。

In commemoration of the 50 th and 70 th anniversary of the end of World War II, speeches on behalf of the Japanese government was delivered by then Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama and Shinzo Abe respectively. These two speeches caused two opposite repercussions in the international community. This paper attempts to make a comparative analysis of the two speeches with the metafunctional theory of systemic functional linguistics. The results show that there are various differences between the two speeches in conceptual function, interpersonal function and textual function, which are embodied in the aspects of transitivity/voice system, identity semantic system and theme system. In terms of conceptual function, there are significant differences between the two speeches in how to use material clauses and whether to indicate the implementation participants and the target participants. In terms of interpersonal function, the two speeches have different expressions about the nature of war, postwar reflection, comfort women issues and other sensitive issues, which lead to different results of the audience’s identification. In terms of textual function, the two speeches are different not only in the progression mode of theme system, but also in the choice of simple theme and multiple theme. These differences lead to the different degree of topic focus. Therefore, it is inevitable that the two speeches caused different repercussions.