日语分裂句的定义与定位问题研究

A study on definition and positioning of Japanese cleft sentence

本研究聚焦以往研究中对日语分裂句定义的分歧,主要讨论了「AのがBだ」的构式特点,同时对「ノ」的功能展开分析,在对分裂句进行全面定义的基础上明确了分裂句的定位。本研究认为日语分裂句存在「AのはBだ」和「AのがBだ」两种构式,其判定条件为:(1)形式上为「AのはBだ」或「AのがBだ」构式。(2)述位还原于主位时承担成分。(3)「ノ」为从句标记。(4)句子在功能上突显焦点。整体来看,日语分裂句和倒置指定句在句法结构上存在相似点,但主要区别在于「ノ」的功能不同。只有当「ノ」为形式名词时,原分裂句才可能转化为倒置指定句。

This study focuses on the differences in the definition of Japanese cleft sentence in previous studies,and mainly discusses the construction characteristics of A no ga B da,and analyzes the function of no,leading to a more comprehensive definition and a clearer positioning of Japanese cleft sentence.This study considers that Japanese cleft sentence consists of two configurations,which is A no wa B da and A no ga B da.The judging conditions are as follows:(1)The form is A no wa B da or A no ga B da;(2)The rheme is a part of speech when restored to the theme;(3)No acts as a clause marker;(4)The sentence has the function of highlighting the focus.On the whole,Japanese cleft sentence and the inverted designated sentence share some similarities in the syntactic structure,but the main difference is on the function of no.Only when no acts as a formal noun,the original cleft sentence may be converted to an inverted designated sentence.