“图形-背景”理论替代原则机制下的汉日关系从句比较研究

A contrastive study between Japanese non-restrictive relative clause and Chinese relative clause based on substitution principle of Background-to-Foreground progression

虽然日汉在"对比、逆接"型关系从句的使用上表现出接纳程度的不同,但是日语和汉语的关系从句仍然共同遵循了Talmy(2000)提出的"图形-背景"理论的替代原则。替代原则作用下的关系从句具有未然和反预期性的特征,汉语使用表示未然的词语(如"本想"等),日语使用情态要素(如形式名词「はず」等)做背景成分。从本质上全面把握日汉关系从句结构的异同,不仅要从"图形-背景"理论下考察日汉关系从句的共性特征,也要从语言类型学及本民族共有知识的差异性上考虑语言的个性特征。

Japanese non-restrictive relative clause manifests a different degree of acceptance from Chinese when a semantic meaning of "taihi·gyakusetsu" is showed between the main clause and the relative clause. Meanwhile both two languages follow substitution principle of Background-to-Foreground Progression proposed by Talmy(2000). The words that express futureness(ex.běnxiǎng etc.) in Chinese and the modality(ex. Formal noun "hazu" etc.) in Japanese are used for background components. It is necessary not only to observe the common features between the two languages based on Backgroundto-Foreground progression but also to grasp their own characteristics in linguistic typology, national cognition and common knowledge that the co-partner owned.